one year after barack obama warned chemical weapons were a red line that could trigger u.s. military action. they are hinting they could act without formal united nations backing with options ranging from stepping up military aid to the rebels to no-fly zones or tactical airstrikes on government targets. assad has some pretty strong allies. russia and iran. they warned this week and that it be a grave error. assad gave an interview to a russian newspaper. the u.s. can expect to fail. america has taken part in numerous wars, but has never been able to achieve the political objectives. i will begin on my right. we have jordan. welcome to the show. former u.s. state department official, you were based and damascus in the early 1990s. well acquainted with the middle eastern region. right next to you on your right, thank you for being here. assistant professor and a specialist at the american university here in paris. you are a researcher with france foundation for strategic research. last, but not least, joining me by celebrate -- satellite from tel aviv. i am glad you are there